Interpretation and translation are different professions. Each requires a distinct set of skills and aptitudes, and most people are better suited for one or the other. While interpreters often work into and from both languages, translators generally work only into their active language.
Interpreters convert one spoken language into another-or, in the case of sign-language interpreters, between spoken communication and sign language. This requires interpreters to pay attention carefully, understand what is communicated in both languages, and express thoughts and ideas clearly. Strong research and analytical skills, mental dexterity, and an exceptional memory also are important.
There are two types of interpretation: simultaneous and consecutive. Simultaneous interpretation requires interpreters to listen and speak (or sign) at the same time. In simultaneous interpretation, the interpreter begins to convey a sentence being spoken while the speaker is still talking. Ideally, simultaneous interpreters should be so familiar with a subject that they are able to anticipate the end of the speaker's sentence. Because they need a high degree of concentration, simultaneous interpreters work in pairs, with each interpreting for 20- to 30-minute segments. This type of interpretation is required at international conferences and is sometimes used in the courts.
In contrast to simultaneous interpretation's immediacy, consecutive interpretation begins only after the speaker has verbalized a group of words or sentences. Consecutive interpreters often take notes while listening to the speakers, so they must develop some type of note-taking or shorthand system. This form of interpretation is used most often for person-to-person communication, during which the interpreter sits near both parties.
Translators convert written materials from one language into another. They must have excellent writing and analytical ability. And because the documents that they translate must be as flawless as possible, they also need good editing skills.
2.- Phonetics and Phonology:
- Phonetics: In a order to produce sound humans use various body parts incluiding the lips, tongue, teeth, pharyx and luns. Phonetics is the term for the description and the classification of speeach sounds, particulary how sounds are produced, transmitted and received. a phoneme is the smallest unit in the sound system languaje: for example, the "t" sound in the word top
- Phonology: Is the term used for study on the speeach sounds, used in particular languaje the distictive accents than many learners of english have are due to differences between the phonological system of their lenguaje and that of english. From birth, and possibly before, we learn to recognize and produce the distintive sounds of our own languaje
3.- Anatomy of Vocal Organs :
4.- Comunications Process:
The information given has a direct the process of communication is shown as follows:
The information given has a direct the process of communication is shown as follows:
